Saturday, June 2, 2012

Peripheral nerves

Ganglion

A parasympathetic ganglion from around the kidney. Note the neuron cell bodies. (If you remember your anatomy lectures, parasympathetic ganglia are located in distal organs, while sympathetic ganglia form a chain right beside the spine).



Another ganglion from prostate. The cell bodies, axons with Schwann cells are clearly visible.




Blood

Pelger Heuet anomaly.







CML

Note the tapering WBC histogram

PBS

Thalassemia

A case of sickle/ thal. Note the percentage of HbF and some HbA.
PBS

Myleodysplasia

RCUD, anemia with megakaryocyte multinucleation





Sickle cells in liver




Pancreas

Histology

The dark staining exocrine pancreatic lobules surrounding an islets of langerhans. A duct is seen in right.
Islet of Langerhans

Neoplasms

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm

A rare pancreatic tumor of young women


Cut surface is a blackish cyst
Showing normal pancreas (left) with neoplasm in right
Solid pseudopapilary neoplasm

Acute Pancreatitis
Blackened pancreas

Blackened omentum around pancreas

Fat necrosis around pancreas

Left - pancreas; right - saponified fat




Saponification

Tuesday, May 15, 2012

Malaria

All malaria parasites infest red blood cells, and that is where they should be looked for. Typically, a Leishman stained smear of peripheral blood is usued to detect the parasite.

Falciparum malaria

Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of malignant malaria, is usually diagnosed by its characteristic 'falciform' (banana-shaped) gametocytes.

Banana shape gametocytes

Vivax malaria

The more common, vivax malaria, is diagnosed by its trophozoites and schizonts in blood. In peripheral smears, they might be found in abudance, or be quite rare.


Schizont

Florette shaped trophozoite
The parasite should not be confused with white blood cells or platelets.




Saturday, May 12, 2012

MD path exam 2012

Slides from MD Path exam held at my hospital.

Atrophy? LSIL? More like the former.

The jigsaw in the dermis. A cylindroma from scalp.

The customary storage disease slide from liver

Looks like crumpled tissue

Bone marrow with lot of macrophages

which are devouring RBCs. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Skin

Strain your eyes to see the pink granules in between cells. Round fungi, possibly histoplasma.
The proceedings

Hemolysis. History suggestive of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia.


Mixed cellularity Hodgkins

Neuroendocrine neoplasm. Breast

A thyroid well dermarcated thyroid lesion, with pigmented regions


Pigmented medullary carcinoma (!)

Plamsacytoid cells in PBS but with an open nucleus

Plasmablastic leukemia?

Minor salivary gland. Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma.

Lymph node.

Lot of macrophages.

Emperipolesis (em = inside, peri=around, polemal = wander about)

Rosai Dorfman disease

Testis FNAC

Tigroid background; large round cells with streaked out chromatin

Classical seminoma


Next generation sequencing: Part 1

 Imagine solving a puzzle with 100 pieces, each piece a centimeter in size, something like this: The genome is considerably larger than this...